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Jesus of Nazareth
Jesus (7–2 BC/BCE to 26–36 AD/CE), also known as Jesus of Nazareth (or Jesus the Nazarene), was a 1st century Jewish teacher who is the central figure of Christianity, and is also an important figure in several other religions.
He is also called Jesus Christ, where "Christ" is a title derived from the Greek Χριστός (Christós), meaning the "Anointed One," which corresponds to the Hebrew-derived "Messiah". The name "Jesus" is an anglicization of the Greek Ίησους (Iēsous), itself a Hellenization of the Hebrew יהושע (Yehoshua) or Hebrew-Aramaic ישוע (Yeshua), meaning "YHWH rescues".
The main sources of information regarding Jesus' life and teachings are the four canonical Gospels of the New Testament: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. Most scholars in the fields of history and biblical studies agree that Jesus was a Galilean Jew, was regarded as a teacher and healer, was baptized by John the Baptist, and was crucified in Jerusalem on orders of the Roman Governor Pontius Pilate because of an accusation of sedition against the Roman Empire. Few critical scholars believe that all ancient texts on Jesus' life are either completely accurate or completely inaccurate.
Christian views of Jesus (see also Christology) center on the belief that
Jesus is Divine and is the Messiah whose coming was promised in the Old
Testament and that he was resurrected after his crucifixion. Christians
predominantly believe that Jesus is God incarnate, who came to provide salvation
and reconciliation with God. Other Christian beliefs include Jesus' virgin
birth, performance of miracles, fulfillment of biblical prophecy, ascension into
Heaven, and future Second Coming. Nontrinitarianism profess various other
interpretations regarding his divinity.
In Islam, Jesus (Arabic: عيسى, commonly transliterated as Isa) is considered
one of God's important prophets, a bringer of scripture, a worker of miracles,
and the Messiah. Muslims, however believe Jesus was not divine and not
crucified, but ascended bodily to heaven.
From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
The Antiquities of the Jews
Author: Flavius Josephus
Translator: William Whiston
Historical Reference of Jesus translated from a 9th Century CE
Greek Text by William Whiston which is the oldest known work of Flavius Josephus
CHAPTER 3.
Sedition Of The Jews Against Pontius Pilate. Concerning Christ, And What Befell
Paulina And The Jews At Rome.
3. Now there was about this time Jesus, a wise man, if it
be lawful to call him a man; for he was a doer of wonderful works, a teacher of
such men as receive the truth with pleasure. He drew over to him both many of
the Jews and many of the Gentiles. He was [the] Christ. And when Pilate, at the
suggestion of the principal men amongst us, had condemned him to the cross,
those that loved him at the first did not forsake him; for he appeared to them
alive again the third day; as the divine prophets had foretold these and ten
thousand other wonderful things concerning him. And the tribe of Christians, so
named from him, are not extinct at this day.
CHAPTER 5.
Herod The Tetrarch Makes War With Aretas, The King Of Arabia, And Is Beaten By
Him As Also Concerning The Death Of John The Baptist. How Vitellius Went Up To
Jerusalem; Together With Some Account Of Agrippa And Of The Posterity Of Herod
The Great.
2. Now some of the Jews thought that the destruction of Herod's army came
from God, and that very justly, as a punishment of what he did against John,
that was called the Baptist: for Herod slew him, who was a good man, and
commanded the Jews to exercise virtue, both as to righteousness towards one
another, and piety towards God, and so to come to baptism; for that the washing
[with water] would be acceptable to him, if they made use of it,not in order to
the putting away [or the remission] of some sins [only], but for the
purification of the body; supposing still that the soul was thoroughly purified
beforehand by righteousness. Now when [many] others came in crowds about him,
for they were very greatly moved [or pleased] by hearing his words, Herod, who
feared lest the great influence John had over the people might put it into his
power and inclination to raise a rebellion, (for they seemed ready to do any
thing he should advise,) thought it best, by putting him to death, to prevent
any mischief he might cause, and not bring himself into difficulties, by sparing
a man who might make him repent of it when it would be too late. Accordingly he
was sent a prisoner, out of Herod's suspicious temper, to Macherus, the castle I
before mentioned, and was there put to death. Now the Jews had an opinion that
the destruction of this army was sent as a punishment upon Herod, and a mark of
God's displeasure to him.
CHAPTER 9.
Concerning Albinus Under Whose Procuratorship James Was Slain; As Also What
Edifices Were Built By Agrippa.
1. And now Caesar, upon hearing the death of Festus, sent Albinus into Judea,
as procurator. But the king deprived Joseph of the high priesthood, and bestowed
the succession to that dignity on the son of Ananus, who was also himself called
Ananus. Now the report goes that this eldest Ananus proved a most fortunate
man;for he had five sons who had all performed the office of a high priest to
God, and who had himself enjoyed that dignity a long time formerly, which had
never happened to any other of our high priests. But this younger Ananus, who,
as we have told you already, took the high priesthood, was a bold man in his
temper,and very insolent; he was also of the sect of the Sadducees, (23) who are
very rigid in judging offenders, above all the rest of the Jews, as we have
already observed; when, therefore, Ananus was of this disposition, he thought he
had now a proper opportunity [to exercise his authority]. Festus was now dead,
and Albinus was but upon the road; so he assembled the sanhedrim of judges, and
brought before them the brother of Jesus, who was called Christ, whose name was
James, and some others, [or, some of his companions]; and when he had formed an
accusation against them as breakers of the law, he delivered them to be stoned:
but as for those who seemed the most equitable of the citizens, and such as were
the most uneasy at the breach of the laws, they disliked what was done; they
also sent to the king [Agrippa],desiring him to send to Ananus that he should
act so no more, for that what he had already done was not to be justified; nay,
some of them went also to meet Albinus, as he was upon his journey from
Alexandria, and informed him that it was not lawful for Ananus to assemble a
sanhedrim without his consent. Whereupon Albinus complied with what they said,
and wrote in anger to Ananus, and threatened that he would bring him to
punishment for what he had done; on which king Agrippa took the high priesthood
from him, when he had ruled but three months, and made Jesus, the son of Damneus,
high priest.